Care guide

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Care by group

Numbers summarised from the linked guides; check them against your own conditions

Lowland Nepenthes

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 81–95°FNightNight: 70–77°Fnever below 60°F
species native from sea level to ~1000-1100 m
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • warm nights, ideally 70°F+ year-round (heat mat or warm grow tent)
  • humidity 60%+ (terrarium, grow tent or humidifier)
  • bright indirect light or a grow light
Day80–95°F (27–35°C)
Night70–77°F (21–25°C)
Never below60°F (16°C)
Humidity60–90%
LightBright indirect light or partial sun; ~4+ h direct on a windowsill. Avoid harsh midday sun.
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); keep media damp but not waterlogged. No standing-water tray.
MediaAiry: long-fibre sphagnum + perlite, optional orchid bark
Dormancynone
Tom's: days ~30C / nights ~20C. Carnivorous Plant Nursery: 85-95+F days, low-70s F nights. NECPS is cooler (80-90F days, 60-80F nights). California Carnivores: never below 70F. Minimum is approximate; cold snaps can kill them.

Intermediate Nepenthes

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 75–88°FNightNight: 57–68°Fnever below 50°F
species native at roughly 700-1400 m (some overlap both groups)
Good houseplant Grows in an ordinary home with a bright window or a grow light.
  • bright window or grow light
  • most adapt to household humidity once acclimated; pitchering improves above 50%
Day75–88°F (24–31°C)
Night57–68°F (14–20°C)
Never below50°F (10°C)
Humidity60–90%
LightBright indirect light or partial sun
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); damp, not waterlogged; no tray.
MediaLong-fibre sphagnum + perlite, optional orchid bark
Dormancynone
Tom's species pages: N. peltata (865-1635 m) 24-31C days / 14-21C nights; N. glandulifera (1100-1700 m) 24-30C / 14-20C. Most tolerant group; many hybrids grow here.

Highland Nepenthes

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–82°FNightNight: 50–61°Fnever below 40°F
species native above ~1000-1200 m
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • nights 10-20°F cooler than days, ideally below ~60°F (a cool room or a home that drops at night)
  • humidity 50%+ helps; many acclimate to less
  • dislikes days over ~85°F
Day70–82°F (21–28°C)
Night50–60°F (10–16°C)
Never below40°F (4°C)
Humidity60–90%
LightBright indirect light; good airflow
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); damp, not waterlogged; no tray.
MediaLong-fibre sphagnum + perlite, optional orchid bark
Dormancynone (needs a nightly drop of 10-20F year-round)
Tom's: ~20-25C days / 10-15C nights, RH at least 50% by day and higher at night. California Carnivores: 70s-80s F days, 50-60s F nights, never below 40F or above 90F. NECPS allows nights down to the 40s F. Highland plants kept warm at night slowly decline.

Ultra-highland Nepenthes

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 61–77°FNightNight: 39–50°Fnever below 35°F
species native above ~2000-2600 m (e.g. N. villosa, N. lamii, N. macrophylla)
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • cold nights in the 40s-50s°F every night of the year (cooled grow chamber)
  • days kept under ~77°F
  • humidity 70%+
Day60–77°F (16–25°C)
Night40–50°F (4–10°C)
Never below35°F (2°C)
Humidity70–95%
LightBright indirect light; strong airflow
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); damp, not waterlogged; no tray.
MediaLong-fibre sphagnum + perlite, optional orchid bark
Dormancynone (needs cold nights year-round)
Tom's: N. villosa (1600-3240 m) 16-27C days / 6-17C nights, kept below ~25C at all times, 70% RH by day and over 90% at night; N. macrophylla 19-24C / 9-14C. NECPS: nights at or below 45F, can dip into the 30s. Growers usually need a cooled chamber. There is no agreed elevation threshold for this group.

Sun pitchers (Heliamphora)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 64–79°FNightNight: 50–63°Fnever below 40°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • very strong light (strong LED grow light)
  • humidity 60%+ (terrarium or grow tent)
  • cool nights, ~50-62°F
Day65–78°F (18–26°C)
Night50–62°F (10–17°C)
Never below40°F (4°C)
Humidity60–90%
LightVery bright: about 25,000 lux for 12-16 h/day under LEDs (ICPS). Usually a lit terrarium or cool greenhouse.
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); constantly moist, well-drained; keep roots cool.
MediaLive or long-fibre sphagnum with perlite/pumice
Dormancynone
Tepui summits run 7-23C (45-74F). Large plants can die if held above 26C (79F) for long periods. CPN says night cooling isn't needed if the roots stay cool, though some species (H. hispida, ionasii, neblinae, elongata) want a drop. ICPS says they need fertilising. Minimum is approximate.

Albany pitcher plant (Cephalotus follicularis)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–84°FNightNight: 50–64°FWinter restWinter rest: 41–59°Fnever below 32°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • very bright light; colours up in strong light
  • tolerates household humidity once acclimated
  • careful watering: damp, never waterlogged crowns
  • optional cooler winter rest
Day70–85°F (21–29°C)
Night50–65°F (10–18°C)
Never below32°F (0°C)
Humidity50–80%
LightAs much light as possible without scorching: south window or LEDs. Colours best in bright light.
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); ICPS 'fen plant' method: tall pots standing in ~1 cm of water; flush the pots occasionally.
MediaSandy: ~20% peat or chopped long-fibre sphagnum to 80% sand (mixes vary)
Dormancyoptional winter rest, ~5-15C (41-59F), with shorter days and less water
Tolerates brief light frost (some sources say down to -5C/22F) but avoid freezing. A natural day length is needed for flowering. Prone to fungus, so give good airflow at high humidity. Growing-season temperatures were not verified against ICPS this session.

North American pitcher plants (Sarracenia)

10°F30°F50°F70°F90°FDayDay: 70–95°FNightNight: 50–70°FWinter restWinter rest: 36–50°Fnever below 20°F
Outdoor plant Needs full sun and a cold winter dormancy; declines as a year-round houseplant.
  • full sun outdoors, 6+ hours
  • winter dormancy for about 3 months near 35-50°F
  • sits in a tray of mineral-free water
Day70–95°F (21–35°C)
Night50–70°F (10–21°C)
Never below20°F (-7°C)
Humidity30–70%
LightFull sun, 6+ h direct; indoors ~25,000 lux for 12-16 h/day, with timers following local sunrise and sunset
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method: stand in 2-3 cm (about 1 in) of water in summer; damp rather than wet in winter.
Media1:1 sphagnum peat : silica sand (or perlite)
Dormancyyes, roughly Nov-Feb (Oct-Feb per California Carnivores), 3-4 months at ~35-50F; brief frosts are fine
California Carnivores gives a 20-80F range and says to leave plants outdoors if nights stay above 20F. The 35-50F dormancy range is a common grower figure, not taken from these sources. Hardiness varies by species: S. purpurea is the hardiest, southern species less so.

Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)

10°F30°F50°F70°F90°FDayDay: 70–95°FNightNight: 50–70°FWinter restWinter rest: 36–50°Fnever below 20°F
Outdoor plant Needs full sun and a cold winter dormancy; declines as a year-round houseplant.
  • full sun, 6+ hours (a sunny windowsill is rarely enough)
  • winter dormancy for about 3 months near 35-50°F
  • mineral-free water
Day70–95°F (21–35°C)
Night50–70°F (10–21°C)
Never below20°F (-7°C)
Humidity30–70%
LightFull sun, 6+ h direct (ICPS); under LEDs, 12-16 h/day at ~15,000-25,000 lux
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method: stand in ~1 cm of water in the growing season; just damp in winter. Avoid top-watering (Tom's).
MediaSphagnum peat, live/long-fibre sphagnum, or 1:1 peat:sand. ICPS warns against perlite and other potentially salty components.
Dormancyyes, Nov-Feb, about 3 months cold (~35-50F); dormant plants can survive brief hard freezes
Sources disagree on whether indoor plants need dormancy. Tom's and most growers say yes; one ICPS-hosted page says it only matters outdoors in freezing climates.

Cobra lily (Darlingtonia californica)

10°F30°F50°F70°F90°FDayDay: 61–81°FNightNight: 45–61°Fnever below 20°F
Outdoor plant Needs full sun and a cold winter dormancy; declines as a year-round houseplant.
  • cool roots: soil under ~80°F (cold water flushing in summer)
  • winter dormancy, cool to near freezing
  • bright light
Day60–80°F (16–27°C)
Night45–60°F (7–16°C)
Never below20°F (-7°C)
Humidity40–80%
LightBright light or sun on the leaves, but keep the roots shaded and cool
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); cool water often (top-water daily in heat, or flow-through/chilled-water setups).
MediaOpen, well-aerated media: live sphagnum, or peat/pumice/perlite. ICPS says the medium matters less than oxygen and cool temperatures.
Dormancyyes, winter, ~3-4 months cool to near-freezing
ICPS: long-term survival needs soil kept below 27C (80F); air temperature and humidity matter little if the roots stay cool. CPN 52(3) names a consistently cool root zone as the most critical factor. Air ranges and the minimum are approximate.

Temperate sundews

0°F20°F40°F60°F80°F100°FDayDay: 64–84°FNightNight: 45–64°Fnever below 0°F
Outdoor plant Needs full sun and a cold winter dormancy; declines as a year-round houseplant.
  • full sun outdoors
  • winter dormancy as a hibernaculum
Day65–85°F (18–29°C)
Night45–65°F (7–18°C)
Never below0°F (-18°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightFull sun or very bright light
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method, 1-2 cm water in the growing season
MediaPeat with sand or perlite, ~2:1 (Tom's), or pure sphagnum
Dormancyyes, winter hibernacula, ~3-4 months below ~40F
Cold-temperate species (D. rotundifolia, anglica, linearis, filiformis) are fully hardy. Warm-temperate species are only hardy to light frost. Numeric ranges were not verified this session.

Subtropical sundews (e.g. D. capensis, D. spatulata, D. binata)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 68–90°FNightNight: 50–70°Fnever below 35°F
Good houseplant Grows in an ordinary home with a bright window or a grow light.
  • sunny windowsill or grow light
  • keep wet with mineral-free water; tolerates household humidity
Day68–90°F (20–32°C)
Night50–70°F (10–21°C)
Never below35°F (2°C)
Humidity40–80%
LightBright light or full sun; windowsill or LEDs
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method
MediaPeat with sand or perlite, or sphagnum
Dormancynone needed; can grow year-round
ICPS: they do well between 10C and 35C, best at 20-25C. Tom's recommends D. capensis for beginners. High-elevation D. capensis may tolerate light frost.

Tropical 'petiolaris complex' sundews

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 81–95°FNightNight: 68–77°Fnever below 65°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • hot and humid year-round: 80-95°F days, 70%+ humidity (terrarium)
  • very strong light
Day80–95°F (27–35°C)
Night68–77°F (20–25°C)
Never below65°F (18°C)
Humidity60–100%
LightVery bright light / full sun; often LEDs in a terrarium
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method with a higher water level in summer; can go a little drier in winter
MediaPeat/sand (sandy) mixes in small pots
Dormancynone (paradoxa is the most cold-tolerant)
ICPS: they like low 30s C (mid-80s F) in summer and dislike anything under 18C (65F) at any time. Warmth is the hardest part; heat mats help. Humidity range is approximate.

Pygmy sundews

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 61–84°FNightNight: 45–61°Fnever below 35°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • very strong light
  • semi-dormant in hot summers; propagate from gemmae in autumn
Day60–85°F (16–29°C)
Night45–60°F (7–16°C)
Never below35°F (2°C)
Humidity40–80%
LightVery bright light; a seasonally changing photoperiod is needed for flowering and gemmae
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method in the growing season; keep drier in summer if plants go dormant
MediaSandy: 1:1 to 1:3 peat:sand
Dormancysemi-dormant in summer (stipule bud); gemmae form in autumn
Gemmae stay viable for only about a month. Under a constant day length plants may never flower or make gemmae. Numeric ranges are approximate.

Tuberous sundews

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 55–75°FNightNight: 39–55°Fnever below 32°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • seasonal: grows in cool, bright winters and dies back to a tuber for summer
  • dry summer rest; watering at the wrong time rots the tuber
Day55–75°F (13–24°C)
Night40–55°F (4–13°C)
Never below32°F (0°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightFull sun / very bright; cool, bright winter growing season
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); tray method while in leaf (autumn-spring); nearly dry over summer
MediaVery sandy, well-drained mix in deep pots
Dormancyyes, summer (late spring to early autumn) as tubers in warm, barely damp to dry soil
ICPS: temperatures above 25C (78F) can make them die back and will kill seedlings. Don't force dormancy until plants are blooming size (6-7 months of growth). D. gigantea and D. sulfurea must never dry out completely.

South African winter-growing sundews (e.g. D. cistiflora, D. pauciflora)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 55–75°FNightNight: 39–55°Fnever below 32°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • seasonal: cool winter growth, dry summer dormancy
Day55–75°F (13–24°C)
Night40–55°F (4–13°C)
Never below32°F (0°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightFull sun / very bright during the winter growing season
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); wet while growing, kept drier in summer dormancy
MediaSandy peat mix, deep pots
Dormancyyes, summer, dying back to roots/rhizome
Not verified this session: these values are inferred from the comparable winter-growing tuberous Drosera regime. Confirm before publishing.

Queensland sundews (D. adelae, D. prolifera, D. schizandra)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–84°FNightNight: 61–70°Fnever below 50°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • terrarium-style humidity
  • lower, indirect light than most sundews
  • warm
Day70–85°F (21–29°C)
Night60–70°F (16–21°C)
Never below50°F (10°C)
Humidity60–90%
LightBright indirect light; no direct sun (D. schizandra especially)
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); constantly wet: short/medium pots sitting in water
MediaLive or long-fibre sphagnum (D. adelae tolerates peat mixes)
Dormancynone
ICPS: D. schizandra wants consistently wet, humid, cool conditions out of direct sun. D. adelae is among the easiest sundews. D. prolifera leaves burn easily from foliar feeding. Numeric ranges are approximate.

King sundew (Drosera regia)

20°F30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 68–84°FNightNight: 50–61°Fnever below 25°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • very strong light
  • light winter rest
  • resents root disturbance
Day68–85°F (20–29°C)
Night50–60°F (10–16°C)
Never below25°F (-4°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightFull sun
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); wet, but less tolerant of anaerobic soil than most; some growers let the tray dry between fills or use clay pots
MediaPeat:sand, deep pots
Dormancyloose winter hibernacula; light winter rest
ICPS: native to Bainskloof seeps at 500-900 m (mild days, cool nights). Grow it much like Sarracenia, with heat protection and freeze protection (outdoors year-round in zone 9+). Roots may be heat-sensitive. Unusually for a sundew, it benefits from soil fertilisation.

Mexican butterworts

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 61–84°FNightNight: 50–64°Fnever below 40°F
Good houseplant Grows in an ordinary home with a bright window or a grow light.
  • bright window or grow light
  • normal household humidity is fine
  • keep drier in winter while it forms its succulent rosette
Day60–85°F (16–29°C)
Night50–65°F (10–18°C)
Never below40°F (4°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightBright indirect light or a few hours of gentle sun; seasonal light cues are needed long-term (ICPS)
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); moist in summer (tray OK); much drier during the winter succulent phase. Avoid constant high humidity in winter.
MediaMineral, often alkaline mixes: peat/sand/perlite with dolomitic lime (ICPS), or pumice/gritty mixes
Dormancywinter succulent (non-carnivorous) rosette phase, roughly Nov-Mar, kept drier and cooler
California Carnivores lists 50-90F; Carnivero lists 55-85F. The winter phase is triggered mainly by less water and shorter days.

Cold-temperate butterworts (e.g. P. vulgaris, P. grandiflora)

-10°F10°F30°F50°F70°F90°FDayDay: 55–75°FNightNight: 39–55°Fnever below -10°F
Outdoor plant Needs full sun and a cold winter dormancy; declines as a year-round houseplant.
  • winter dormancy as a hibernaculum, near or below freezing
Day55–75°F (13–24°C)
Night40–55°F (4–13°C)
Never below-10°F (-23°C)
Humidity50–80%
LightBright light / partial sun; cool summers preferred
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); moist (tray OK) while growing
MediaAcidic: 2 peat : 1 silica sand : 1 perlite : 1 vermiculite (ICPS)
Dormancyyes, winter hibernacula, ~3-5 months near or below freezing; cold is required
ICPS: seed needs 8-12 weeks of cold-moist stratification. Plants dislike hot summers. Numeric ranges are approximate.

Warm-temperate (SE US) butterworts (e.g. P. primuliflora, P. planifolia, P. lutea)

20°F30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–90°FNightNight: 50–70°Fnever below 25°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • bright light, kept wet
  • protect from hard frost
Day70–90°F (21–32°C)
Night50–70°F (10–21°C)
Never below25°F (-4°C)
Humidity50–80%
LightBright light / partial sun
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); wet, tray method (P. primuliflora tolerates very wet conditions)
MediaPeat-based acidic mix (peat/sand or sphagnum)
Dormancynone (same leaves all year); protect from hard frost
ICPS: they keep the same leaves year-round and need winter protection outside their native range; P. lusitanica and P. pumila are the easiest. Numeric ranges were not verified this session.

Terrestrial bladderworts

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–84°FNightNight: 61–70°Fnever below 50°F
Good houseplant Grows in an ordinary home with a bright window or a grow light.
  • keep the pot standing in mineral-free water
  • bright window
Day70–85°F (21–29°C)
Night60–70°F (16–21°C)
Never below50°F (10°C)
Humidity50–90%
LightBright light / partial sun
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); very wet, tray method, water to the soil surface
MediaPure sphagnum or 1:1 peat:sand CP mix
Dormancynone for tropical species (temperate species form winter turions/dormancy)
NECPS gives an optimum of 70-85F and says to keep above 60F. ICPS warns that excess soil fertiliser can kill them.

Epiphytic bladderworts (e.g. U. alpina, U. reniformis)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 64–79°FNightNight: 50–63°Fnever below 45°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • humidity 60%+
  • cooler nights for highland species such as U. alpina
  • bright indirect light
Day65–78°F (18–26°C)
Night50–62°F (10–17°C)
Never below45°F (7°C)
Humidity70–95%
LightBright indirect light
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); moist but well drained, no tray; tiny amounts of fertiliser in the water help
Media1:1:1 long-fibre sphagnum (Chilean/NZ) : perlite : pumice, or live sphagnum
Dormancynone
ICPS: best grown in cool, humid basements or greenhouses; U. alpina and U. asplundii are the easiest. Numeric ranges are approximate.

Rainbow plants (Byblis)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–90°FNightNight: 61–75°Fnever below 50°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • warm and very bright
  • short-lived; grown from seed
Day70–90°F (21–32°C)
Night60–75°F (16–24°C)
Never below50°F (10°C)
Humidity40–70%
LightFull sun / very bright
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower) (rainwater preferred). Annuals like B. liniflora stand wetter; avoid sodden crowns on perennials.
MediaPeat:sand, or a sandy, airy perlite/sand/peat mix in deep pots
Dormancynone; tropical annuals often die back after seeding
ICPS reports the best growth at 15-30C (60-85F) under Florida conditions. Perennial species (B. gigantea, lamellata) are hard to overwinter in cool, damp climates. Seed is often GA3-treated.

Roridula

20°F30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 61–84°FNightNight: 39–55°Fnever below 25°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • outdoor-style full sun, cool winters; not truly carnivorous on its own
Day60–85°F (16–29°C)
Night40–55°F (4–13°C)
Never below25°F (-4°C)
Humidity40–60%
LightFull sun for at least half the day (ICPS)
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); evenly moist, never waterlogged; ICPS says not suited to trays or terrariums
MediaSandy, free-draining peat/sand mix
Dormancyno true dormancy; cooler, drier winter; light frost only
ICPS: warm days and cool nights, moderate humidity; stagnant saturated air or low light is deadly. Brief lows near -5C (22F) are survivable. Fungus is the main problem. For experienced growers only.

Corkscrew plants (Genlisea)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 70–90°FNightNight: 64–75°Fnever below 60°F
Houseplant with some help Fine indoors if you can meet one or two extra needs.
  • warm, wet and humid; pot stands in water
  • bright light
Day70–90°F (21–32°C)
Night65–75°F (18–24°C)
Never below60°F (16°C)
Humidity60–100%
LightBright light / partial sun; often a lit terrarium
WaterMineral-free only (rain, distilled, RO; TDS under ~100 ppm, ideally much lower); waterlogged, tray with water at or above the soil line
MediaPure sphagnum, or 1:1 peat:sand
Dormancynone
NECPS gives 68-90F (20-32C) year-round. One grower reports losses below the low 60s F. Excess fertiliser in the soil can kill them.

Waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa)

30°F40°F50°F60°F70°F80°F90°F100°FDayDay: 72–86°FNightNight: 61–72°Fnever below 39°F
Needs a controlled setup Usually needs a terrarium, grow tent or cooled/heated space.
  • aquatic: soft, tannin-stained water, warm summers, winter turions
Day72–86°F (22–30°C)
Night60–72°F (16–22°C)
Never below39°F (4°C)
Humidity50–90%
LightBright light to full sun on the water container
WaterAquatic: soft-ish, tannin-stained water (a 2-8 cm layer of peat/leaf litter in the tub), pH ~6.0-7.2, high free CO2; companion sedges help
MediaNone (free-floating); peat/leaf-litter base layer in the container
Dormancytemperate strains: turions over winter (~4C water, can be stored in a refrigerator); tropical Australian red strains need no dormancy
Adamec: grows at pH 4.0-7.8, optimum 6.0-7.2, and is tolerant of carbonate hardness. Water should be the colour of light ale diluted 3-5 times. Filamentous algae competition is the main problem. Nursery figures: summer water ~27C (80F) mean, winter ~4C (40F). min_f refers to the active growing season.

Guides at Tom's Carnivores

Nepenthes species

205 species, 203 with sourced elevations
SpeciesFrom (m)To (m)GroupSeen in tradeWhereIUCNSource
Nepenthes abalata050LowlandPhilippines (western Visayas: Culion, Cuyo, Malalison off Panay)link
Nepenthes abgracilis620720LowlandPhilippines (NE Mindanao)CRlink
Nepenthes adnata6001200Intermediate3Indonesia (West Sumatra)ENlink
Nepenthes adrianii9502000Intermediate3Indonesia (Java: Mt Slamet, Central Java)link
Nepenthes aenigma11501250Highland2Philippines (Luzon, Ilocos Norte)DDlink
Nepenthes alata5501650Intermediate8Philippines (Luzon, mainly northern Cordillera Central)LClink
Nepenthes alba16002187Highland1Peninsular Malaysialink
Nepenthes albomarginata01100Lowland25Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra; minor islands Nias, PenangLClink
Nepenthes alfedoi160345LowlandPhilippineslink
Nepenthes alzapan17501850HighlandPhilippines (Luzon, Sierra Madre: Mt Alzapan)DDlink
Nepenthes ampullaria02100Lowland95Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Maluku, New Guinea and minor islandsLClink
Nepenthes andamana050Lowland1Thailand (Phang Nga Province, coastal)link
Nepenthes angasanensis22002800Ultra-highlandIndonesia (Sumatra, Aceh: Puncak Angasan)link
Nepenthes appendiculata14501700Highland6Borneolink
Nepenthes argentii14001900Highland5Philippines (Sibuyan: Mt Guiting-Guiting)link
Nepenthes aristolochioides18002500Highland10Indonesia (Sumatra, Jambi: Mt Tujuh)CRlink
Nepenthes armin500850LowlandPhilippines (Sibuyan)LClink
Nepenthes attenboroughii14501726Highland12Philippines (Palawan: Mt Victoria, Mt Sagpaw)CRlink
Nepenthes barcelonae15001905Highland9Philippines (Luzon, Sierra Madre, Aurora)CRlink
Nepenthes beccariana0800LowlandIndonesia (Nias, Sumatra?)DDlink
Nepenthes bellii0800Lowland3Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat)LClink
Nepenthes benstonei1501350Intermediate1Peninsular MalaysiaDDlink
Nepenthes berbulu14002100HighlandPeninsular Malaysialink
Nepenthes biak050Lowland4Indonesia (Biak / Schouten Islands, New Guinea)CRlink
Nepenthes bicalcarata0700Lowland37Borneo (NW Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, SW Sabah)link
Nepenthes bokorensis8001080Lowland7Cambodia (Kampot: Mt Bokor, Elephant Mts)link
Nepenthes bongso10002700Intermediate18Indonesia (Sumatra)link
Nepenthes boschiana12001800Highland17Indonesia (Borneo, South Kalimantan: Meratus Mts)link
Nepenthes bracteosa710760LowlandThailandlink
Nepenthes burbidgeae12001800Highland9Malaysia (Sabah: Mt Kinabalu, Mt Tambuyukon)link
Nepenthes burkei11002000Highland14Philippines (Mindoro; Panay? per POWO)CDlink
Nepenthes cabanae10001050LowlandPhilippineslink
Nepenthes campanulata100300Lowland5Borneo (Sarawak, East Kalimantan)VUlink
Nepenthes ceciliae15001880Highland3Philippines (Mindanao)link
Nepenthes chang300600LowlandThailand (Trat: Ko Chang, Banthad Mts)link
Nepenthes chaniana11001800Highland9Malaysia (Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak)ENlink
Nepenthes cid720820LowlandPhilippines (Mindanao, Bukidnon)link
Nepenthes clipeata600800Lowland28Indonesia (West Kalimantan: Bukit Kelam)CRlink
Nepenthes copelandii11002400Highland10Philippines (Mindanao; Camiguin?)LClink
Nepenthes cornuta9501050Lowland1Philippines (Mindanao: Pantaron Range, Bukidnon)VUlink
Nepenthes dactylifera3001900Intermediate15Borneolink
Nepenthes danseri0320LowlandIndonesia (Raja Ampat Islands: Waigeo)VUlink
Nepenthes deaniana11801296HighlandPhilippines (Palawan: Thumb Peak)NTlink
Nepenthes densiflora17003200Ultra-highland8Indonesia (northern Sumatra, Aceh)LClink
Nepenthes diabolica22002300Ultra-highland12Sulawesilink
Nepenthes diatas24002900Ultra-highland7Indonesia (Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes distillatoria0700LowlandSri LankaVUlink
Nepenthes domei8501000LowlandPeninsular Malaysia (Terengganu)VUlink
Nepenthes dubia16002700Highland9Indonesia (West Sumatra)CRlink
Nepenthes edwardsiana16002700Highland32Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo: Mt Kinabalu and Mt Tambuyukon)VUlink
Nepenthes ephippiata13002000Highland17Borneo (Sarawak: Hose Mts; Kalimantan: Mt Raya, Bukit Lesung)VUlink
Nepenthes epiphytica9501050Lowland1Indonesia (East Kalimantan, Borneo: Berau and East Kutai)link
Nepenthes erucoides800929Lowland4Philippines (Dinagat Islands: Mt Redondo)CRlink
Nepenthes eustachya01600Intermediate5Indonesia (Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes extincta350450LowlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Surigao del Sur, near Claver)CRlink
Nepenthes eymae10002000Intermediate15Indonesia (Central Sulawesi)LClink
Nepenthes faizaliana4001600Intermediate4Borneolink
Nepenthes flava18002200Highland8Indonesia (northern Sumatra)link
Nepenthes fractiflexa14002150HighlandBorneolink
Nepenthes fusca14001600Highland1BorneoLClink
Nepenthes gantungensis16001784Highland1Philippines (Palawan: Mt Gantung)VUlink
Nepenthes glabrata16002100Highland6Indonesia (Central Sulawesi)LClink
Nepenthes glandulifera11001700Highland12Malaysia (Sarawak, Borneo: Hose Mountains)link
Nepenthes graciliflora01280Intermediate6Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)LClink
Nepenthes gracilis01100Lowland13Borneo, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, ThailandLClink
Nepenthes gracillima14002000Highland1Peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Tahan, Gunung Tapis)LClink
Nepenthes gymnamphora6002800Intermediate10Indonesia (Java, Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes halmahera01200IntermediateMaluku Islandslink
Nepenthes hamata14002500Highland46Indonesia (Sulawesi)LClink
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis12001600HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao, Mt Hamiguitan)link
Nepenthes harauensis7001300IntermediateIndonesia (Sumatra: West Sumatra, Harau, Lima Puluh Kota; endemic)link
Nepenthes hemsleyana0200LowlandBorneo (Brunei, Sarawak)link
Nepenthes higaonon7001100IntermediatePhilippines (northern Mindanao: Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Sitio Talangisog; endemic)CRlink
Nepenthes hirsuta2001100Intermediate5Malaysia/Brunei (Borneo)link
Nepenthes hirtella325375LowlandThailand (Krabi Province)link
Nepenthes hispida100800Lowland1Malaysia (Sarawak, Borneo; Lambir Hills area)link
Nepenthes holdenii600800LowlandCambodia (Cardamom Mountains)link
Nepenthes hurrelliana13002600HighlandBorneo (northern Sarawak, SW Sabah, Brunei)link
Nepenthes inermis15002600Highland3Indonesia (Sumatra, central/West Sumatra & Jambi mountains)LClink
Nepenthes insignis0850Lowland2Indonesia (Western New Guinea; also Biak)LClink
Nepenthes izumiae17001900Highland8Indonesia (Sumatra, West Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes jacquelineae17002200Highland16Indonesia (Sumatra, West Sumatra)link
Nepenthes jamban18002100Highland25Indonesia (North Sumatra, Barisan Mts)link
Nepenthes junghuhnii11701270HighlandSumatralink
Nepenthes justinae10001620IntermediatePhilippines (Mindanao, Mt Hamiguitan)link
Nepenthes kampotiana0600LowlandCambodia, eastern Thailand, southern Vietnamlink
Nepenthes kerrii400500LowlandThailand (Ko Tarutao)LClink
Nepenthes khasiana5001500IntermediateIndia (Meghalaya)ENlink
Nepenthes kitanglad18002100HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao, Mt Kitanglad)link
Nepenthes klossii9302000Intermediate22Indonesia (Western New Guinea: Nassau Mts, Wissel Lakes)ENlink
Nepenthes kongkandana050Lowland1Thailand (Songkhla Province)link
Nepenthes krabiensis600700Lowland2Thailandlink
Nepenthes lamii27003520Ultra-highland2Indonesia (Western New Guinea)LClink
Nepenthes latiffiana10001100IntermediatePeninsular Malaysia (Terengganu: Setiu)link
Nepenthes lavicola20002600Ultra-highlandIndonesia (Sumatra, Aceh, Mt Geureudong massif)link
Nepenthes leonardoi13001490Highland4Philippines (Palawan)link
Nepenthes leyte850950LowlandPhilippines (Leyte)link
Nepenthes limiana8002171IntermediateMalaysia (Peninsular Malaysia: Perak, Kelantan)DDlink
Nepenthes lingulata17002100Highland4Sumatra (Barisan Mountains, North Sumatra; type locality south of Padang Sidempuan)link
Nepenthes longifolia3001100Intermediate6Indonesia (West Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes longiptera7501600IntermediateIndonesia (Sumatra: Aceh, Nagan Raya Regency, Beutong; endemic)link
Nepenthes lowii16502600Highland48Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, Kalimantan)VUlink
Nepenthes luzonensisnot yet
Nepenthes maagnawensis23002700Ultra-highlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Mt Maagnaw, Kitanglad Range, Bukidnon)ENlink
Nepenthes macfarlanei15001657Highland3Peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang)VUlink
Nepenthes macrophylla22002642Ultra-highland12Borneo (Sabah: Mount Trusmadi)CRlink
Nepenthes macrovulgaris3001200IntermediateBorneo (Sabah, ultramafic sites: Kinabalu, Tambuyukon, Danum Valley, Tawai, Meliau, Mt Silam)link
Nepenthes madagascariensis0500Lowland3Madagascar (east coast, Tolagnaro north to Masoala Peninsula)LClink
Nepenthes malayensis8001000LowlandPeninsular Malaysia (eastern mountains)link
Nepenthes malimumuensis9701020LowlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Mt Malimumu, Pantaron Range, Bukidnon)CRlink
Nepenthes manobo9701020LowlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Pantaron Range)CRlink
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis17002085HighlandPhilippines (Palawan: summit region of Mount Mantalingajan)LClink
Nepenthes mapuluensis700800Lowland6Borneo (East Kalimantan: Mt Ilas Mapulu, Sambaliung Range, limestone)ENlink
Nepenthes maryae20502150Ultra-highlandSulawesi (Central Sulawesi; undisclosed mountain)VUlink
Nepenthes masoalensis0400LowlandMadagascar (east: Masoala Peninsula, Mount Ambato region)ENlink
Nepenthes maxima402600Intermediate42Sulawesi, Maluku Islands, New GuineaLClink
Nepenthes maximoidesnot yetCRlink
Nepenthes megastoma200250Lowland3Philippines (Palawan: Mount St Paul karst, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park; micro-endemic)CRlink
Nepenthes merrilliana01100Intermediate4Philippines (northern and central Mindanao, Dinagat, Samar)VUlink
Nepenthes micramphora11001635HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Mount Hamiguitan)link
Nepenthes mikei11002800Highland4Sumatra (North Sumatra: Mt Pangulubao near Lake Toba)link
Nepenthes mindanaoensis01400Intermediate1Philippines (Mindanao and Dinagat)LClink
Nepenthes minima10001700Intermediate1Sulawesi (Central Sulawesi, seasonally dry pyrophytic grasslands)link
Nepenthes mira15501605Highland5Philippines (Palawan: Mount Cleopatra)VUlink
Nepenthes mirabilis01500Lowland22Widespread: southern China and Indochina through Malesia to New Guinea and northern AustraliaLClink
Nepenthes misoolensis050LowlandIndonesia (Misool Island, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua; karst)link
Nepenthes mollis13002400Highland14Borneo (East Kalimantan: Mount Kemul)DDlink
Nepenthes monticola14002620HighlandWestern New Guinea (west-central highlands)LClink
Nepenthes muluensis17002400Highland3Borneo (Sarawak: Mount Mulu and nearby)LClink
Nepenthes murudensis20002423Ultra-highland3Malaysia (Sarawak, Borneo; Mt Murud)link
Nepenthes naga15002000Highland5Indonesia (Sumatra, Barisan Mountains)link
Nepenthes nebularum14001800Highland3Philippines (Mindanao)link
Nepenthes negros12501350HighlandPhilippines (Negros: Mt Silay, Cuernos de Negros; Biliran Island)link
Nepenthes neoguineensis01400Intermediate4New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)link
Nepenthes nigra15002700Highland3Indonesia (Central Sulawesi)link
Nepenthes northiana0500Lowland14Malaysia (Sarawak, Borneo: Bau limestone area)link
Nepenthes orbiculata050LowlandThailandlink
Nepenthes ovata17002100Highland22Indonesia (North Sumatra, Lake Toba area)link
Nepenthes palawanensis11001236Highland11Philippines (Palawan: Sultan Peak)link
Nepenthes paniculata14101510HighlandIndonesia (Western New Guinea; Doorman Top)ENlink
Nepenthes pantaronensis13401440HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Pantaron Range, Mt Sumagaya)link
Nepenthes papuana01300IntermediateNew Guinea (Indonesia & Papua New Guinea)LClink
Nepenthes parvula050LowlandAustralialink
Nepenthes pectinata9502750IntermediateIndonesia (Sumatra)link
Nepenthes peltata8651635Intermediate17Philippines (Mindanao: Mount Hamiguitan)LClink
Nepenthes pervillei350750Lowland7Seychelles (Mahé, Silhouette)LClink
Nepenthes petiolata14501900Highland4Philippines (Mindanao)VUlink
Nepenthes philippinensis0600LowlandPhilippines (Palawan, Calamian Islands, Linapacan)link
Nepenthes pilosa15501650HighlandBorneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak)DDlink
Nepenthes pitopangii14001800Highland1Indonesia (Central Sulawesi)VUlink
Nepenthes platychila9001400Intermediate31Malaysia (Sarawak, Borneo: Hose Mountains)link
Nepenthes pudica11001300HighlandIndonesia (Borneo: North Kalimantan, Mentarang Hulu)link
Nepenthes pulchra13001800Highland2Philippines (Mindanao)link
Nepenthes putaiguneung22702370Ultra-highlandSumatralink
Nepenthes rafflesiana01200Lowland44Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, SingaporeLClink
Nepenthes rajah15002650Highland12Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo: Mt Kinabalu, Mt Tambuyukon)ENlink
Nepenthes ramispina9002000Intermediate6Peninsular MalaysiaVUlink
Nepenthes ramos6701400IntermediatePhilippines (Mindanao)CRlink
Nepenthes reinwardtiana02200Intermediate8Borneo, Sumatra and nearby islandsLClink
Nepenthes rhombicaulis16002000HighlandIndonesia (North Sumatra: Mt Pangulubao, Lake Toba)VUlink
Nepenthes rigidifolia10001600Intermediate3Indonesia (North Sumatra: Karo, Dairi)CRlink
Nepenthes robcantleyi17501850Highland19Philippines (Mindanao)CRlink
Nepenthes rosea450520LowlandThailand (Krabi Province, Peninsular Thailand)link
Nepenthes rowaniae080LowlandAustralia (Queensland, Cape York Peninsula)LClink
Nepenthes samar0600LowlandPhilippineslink
Nepenthes sanguinea3001800Intermediate15Peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysialink
Nepenthes saranganiensis700800LowlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Sarangani)link
Nepenthes sericea9002150Intermediate5Peninsular Malaysialink
Nepenthes sibuyanensis12501500Highland23Philippines (Sibuyan: Mt Guiting-Guiting)VUlink
Nepenthes singalana20002900Ultra-highland22Indonesia (Sumatra)LClink
Nepenthes smilesii01500Intermediate3Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam)LClink
Nepenthes spathulata11002900Highland13Indonesia (Sumatra, Java)LClink
Nepenthes spectabilis14002200Highland23Indonesia (North Sumatra: Aceh to Lake Toba)VUlink
Nepenthes stenophylla8002600Intermediate12BorneoLClink
Nepenthes sumagaya16002247HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Mt Sumagaya)link
Nepenthes sumatrana0800Lowland17Indonesia (Sumatra: North & West Sumatra)CRlink
Nepenthes suratensis0200Lowland1Thailand (Surat Thani Province)CRlink
Nepenthes surigaoensis8001200IntermediatePhilippines (northern Mindanao)link
Nepenthes talaandig9501050LowlandPhilippineslink
Nepenthes talangensis18002500Highland9Indonesia (West Sumatra: Gunung Talang)ENlink
Nepenthes taminii9001950IntermediateSumatralink
Nepenthes tayninhensis050LowlandVietnamlink
Nepenthes tboli14131513HighlandPhilippines (Mindanao: Lake Parker, T'Boli, South Cotabato)CRlink
Nepenthes tenax080LowlandAustralia (Queensland, Cape York: Jardine River area, Cowal Creek)LClink
Nepenthes tentaculata4002550Intermediate8Borneo, SulawesiLClink
Nepenthes tenuis10001200Intermediate2Indonesia (West Sumatra: near Taram)link
Nepenthes thai500600LowlandThailand (Peninsular Thailand)link
Nepenthes thorelii0200Lowland1Vietnam (Lo Go-Xa Mat NP, near the Cambodian border)DDlink
Nepenthes tobaica3801800Intermediate2Indonesia (North Sumatra, Lake Toba area)LClink
Nepenthes tomoriana0500Lowland3Indonesia (Sulawesi)link
Nepenthes treubiana080Lowland2Indonesia (Western New Guinea: Fakfak Peninsula, McCluer Gulf; Misool)LClink
Nepenthes truncata01500Intermediate102Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat, Leyte)ENlink
Nepenthes ultra0400LowlandPhilippines (Luzon: Zambales, Santa Cruz / Acoje Mine area; endemic)ENlink
Nepenthes ulukaliana9001800Intermediate11Peninsular Malaysialink
Nepenthes undulatifolia17501850Highland12Indonesia (South East Sulawesi)link
Nepenthes veitchii01600Intermediate278Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, Kalimantan)LClink
Nepenthes ventricosa10002000Intermediate66Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)LClink
Nepenthes vieillardii0850Lowland3New Caledonialink
Nepenthes villosa16003240Ultra-highland35Malaysia (Sabah, Borneo: Mt Kinabalu, Mt Tambuyukon)link
Nepenthes viridis050LowlandPhilippines (Dinagat)link
Nepenthes vogelii10001500Intermediate21Borneo (Sarawak, southern Sabah, West Kalimantan)LClink
Nepenthes weda4151014Lowland4Indonesia (Halmahera: Weda Bay)CRlink
Nepenthes xiphioides18001900HighlandSumatralink
Nepenthes zakriana8002500Intermediate11Borneolink
Nepenthes zygon15001875HighlandPhilippineslink
Groups follow the elevation thresholds in the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter review: below about 1,100 m lowland, above it highland, ultra-highland from about 2,000 m (or a range centred above 2,300 m); a range crossing the 1,100 m line reads as intermediate. Elevations follow Tom's Carnivores' Nepenthes Interactive Guide where it lists the species. Species without a sourced elevation are left blank.